35 year old male with Uncontrolled Sugars

 

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.


A 35 years old male farmer by occupation presented with the chief complaints of-


1) Burning micturition since 1 year 

2)Fever since 1 week 

3)vomitings 5 days ago.


History of presenting Illness :

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 1 week ago.Then he developed high grade fever which was insidious in onset, gradually progressive in nature, on and off fever , associated with sweats , associated with chills and rigors.Temperature raised during afternoon persisted till midnight and lowered later . No aggravating factors and relieved on medication . 

H/o 4 -5 episodes of vomiting on each day(2 days) 5 days before admission to hospital . Vomitings had contents as food,non projectile,non blood stained ,non foul smelling and they are after intake of meal.  

H/o burning micturition since 1 year associated with white colour urine since 3 days.

H/o generalised weakness since December 2022 but it became severe 1 week ago where patient was unable to move. 

H/o constipation since 1 week ( last stool passed on 13/4/2023) .

H/o Anorexia since 5 days . 

No H/o fever rash,joint pain ,myalgia,dyspnea, palpitations, diarrhoea,blood in stools, pharyngitis.

No H/o decreased urine output ,increased frequency,increased urgency, hematuria.

No h/o fatigue, nausea, Anorexia, pruritus,altered sensorium ,hiccoughs. 



Past history  



K/c/o Diabetes mellitus since 4 months .

K/c/o Anemia since 4 months .

H/o urinary tract infection (December 2022) 

Pus cells were >500/ HPF on 16 dec 2022.

Not a known case of Hypertension, Asthma, thyroid disorders,TB, Epilepsy.


 Personal History 

Mixed diet

Appetite reduced 

Disturbed sleep  

Bladder - Burning micturition associated with white color urine 

Bowel movements - irregular 

(Constipation- 9-4-2023 ➡️ 13 -4-2023) - less than 2 episodes of stools in week.


 Family history:

His father is one-sided paralysed. 


Treatment History

Patient was on insulin (inj ) for months but shifted to oral hypoglycemic agents before 1 month of admission at our hospital.


General Examination.

Patient is conscious, coherent and co -operative.

Patient is lean. 

Pallor - present.

Icterus- absent 

Clubbing - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

lymphadenopathy - absent

Edema - absent  

Vitals 

Temperature - 100.4 ° F

BP- 120/80 mm hg

PR - 73bpm

RR - 15cpm 



GRBS - 267 mg/dl 


Systemic Examination:

CNS EXAMINATION:

Higher mental functions intact

Motor system 

                                         Right.                       Left

Bulk:                               Normal                    Normal

Tone:

Upper Limb.                   Normal.                   Normal

Lower Limb.                   Normal                   Normal 



Reflexes: biceps.             +.                              +   


                 Triceps.            +.                               +


                 Supinator.          +.                            +


                 Knee.                +.                             +


                 Ankle.                +                             +


                 Plantar             mute                    Mute


Sensory examination 


Spinothalamic tract   

 Crude touch                            Right          Left


Upper limb                          Normal        Normal

Lower limb                        Normal.        Normal 




Pain 


Upper limb                            Normal         Normal

Lower limb                            Normal.       Normal 


Temperature 


Upper limb                            Normal          Normal

Lower limb                           Normal.       Normal 


Posterior column tract 


Fine touch 


Upper limb                            Normal          Normal 

Lower limb                         Normal.         Normal 


Vibrations        Normal in upper and lower limbs 


Cortical Tract 


Tactile localisation 



Upper limb                            Normal          Normal 

Lower limb                          Normal.       Normal 


Stereognosis   -   Normal

meningeal signs absent


PER ABDOMEN EXAMINATION : 

On inspection

Shape of abdomen : flat

Umbilicus : inverted 

Movements of abdomen wall with respiration 

No visible peristalsis, pulsations, sinuses, engorged veins, hernial sites 

On palpation 

No local rise of temperature 

Inspectors findings are confirmed 

Soft and non tender

No palpable mass 

Liver and spleen not palpable 

On percussion 

Resonance note heard

On auscultation 

Bowel sounds heard 



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 

Inspection:

Trachea appears to be Central 

shape of chest - elliptical 

Movements of chest appear to be bilaterally equal

No scars , sinuses present.

No drooping of shoulder

No engorged veins , swellings seen

No hallowing seen

No crowding of ribs

Palpation:

All inspectory findings are confirmed

No rise of temperature

No tenderness 

Trachea is central.

B/L chest movements are equal

No swelling and palpable masses are felt


vocal fremitus are normal

Apex beat is felt at 5th ICS 1cm medial to mid clavicular line.

Percussion:

Resonant note heard in all regions.

Auscultation :

Normal vesicular breath sounds heard.


CVS EXAMINATION 

Inspection- 

No raised JVP

The chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical

No dilated veins, scars or sinuses are seen

Apical impulse at 5th intercostal space

Palpation-

Apex beat is felt in the fifth intercostal space, 1 cm medial to the midclavicular line

Percussion -

Right and left borders of the heart are percussed 

Auscultation-

S1 and S2 heard, no added thrills and murmurs are heard 


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Uncontrolled sugars due to non compliance to medication.

 Anemia 


Investigations :



ECG 


GRBS on 14 /4/2023.




Follow up 

15/4/2023


S :
No fever spikes
Stools not passed
 
O: 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative 
pallor - present 
No icterus , clubbing, cyanosis,lymphadenopathy ,edema 

Vitals : 

BP- 100/70mmhg
PR -94bpm 
RR- 22cpm
Spo2 100% at room air 
GRBS - 166mg/dl
Temperature 99.6F  
I/O :- 2000/1300ml

Cvs: s1,s2 heard ,no Murmurs,jvp not raised 
Rs: BAE,no added sounds ,NVBS, 

P/A: soft, non tender ,bowel sounds present 

CNS:

Pt is conscious, 

Speech is normal

No meningeal signs

Normal cranial nerve examination, motor system, sensory system

Gcs: E4,V5,M6

 Reflexes:



       R L


B ++ ++

T ++ ++

S ++ ++

K ++ ++

A ++ ++

P Flexor Flexor  

A: 
Uncontrolled sugars secondary to non compliance to medication. 
with anemia (microcytic hypochromic) secondary to?
GI losses 
? Iron deficiency anemia 

P: 
1.IV fluids NS @ of 75 ml/hour ,RL @75 ml/hour 
2.INJ PIPTAZ 2.25G/IV/TID (DAY 2)
2.inj. HAI s/c tid (after informing ICU pg)
3. INJ NPH s/c BD (after informing ICU pg)
4.INJ Neomol 1gm/iv/sos(if temp > 102f)
6.Tab dolo 650 mg/po/sos(if temp >100)
7. Cap. Urimax PO/OD
8.tepid sponging
9.GRBS PROFILE
strict I/o charting 
10.Monitor vitals 
11.Inform sos

GRBS
15/04/23
12am-306mg/dl
2am-278mg/dl
4am-203mg/dl
8am-166mg/dl

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